Solar windows are a promising technology that integrates photovoltaic cells into windowpanes, allowing them to generate electricity while still functioning as windows. Solar windows have the potential to revolutionize the way we generate and consume energy, as they can be used in buildings and vehicles to produce clean energy without taking up additional space. In this document, we will explore the technology behind solar windows, their advantages and limitations, and their potential applications.

Solar windows are made of transparent materials that are able to absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. This is achieved by embedding thin-film photovoltaic cells into the glass or plastic substrate of the window. These cells are made of materials such as silicon, cadmium telluride, or copper indium gallium selenide, which can convert sunlight into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect.

The photovoltaic cells in solar windows are usually very thin, measuring only a few micrometers in thickness. They are usually deposited onto the substrate of the window using a process called sputtering, which involves bombarding the substrate with atoms or ions to create a thin layer of material on its surface. This layer is then patterned to create the individual photovoltaic cells, which are connected together using conductive wires or electrodes.